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PROFESSOR: So our topic today is the general question of
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what sort of non-rational persuasion is legitimate for a
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government to engage in if we're willing to accept the
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kind of social contract argument that we were
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considering in the last few weeks of the course.
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So you'll recall that starting with the account of justice
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that's offered in Plato's Republic, and continuing with
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the account of the state of nature that we get in Hobbes,
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each of our authors has suggested that it is in our
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self interest, in a way that we would reflectively endorse
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governmental structures, to give up some of our freedoms
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in order to guarantee a certain sort of stability.
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But the sorts of constraints that we considered in the
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earlier discussions of this concerned explicit laws.
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They concerned ways in which we contract into regulations
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that we recognize as holding upon us, and that we endorse
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because we see the rational reason for
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contracting into them.
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The argument that Hobbes makes appeals to the notion of The
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Prisoner's Dilemma, which is a paradox of rationality.
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It's a problem that arises when self interests conflict
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in particular ways and interact with incentives in
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particular ways.
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What we looked at, at the end of last lecture, and what
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we'll look at in today's lecture are the ways in which
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human beings are complex.
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They have, as we know from our early lectures, not only
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reason but also parts of their soul which are affected by
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things other than reason.
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And that, too, turns out to have implications for what
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political structures end up being
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rational for us to endorse.
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In particular, what we'll look at in today's lecture, is on
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the one hand Plato's argument that in the ideal state there
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would be rather radical censorship of what sort of
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fictional representations were permitted, and Cass Sunstein's
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argument that one of the duties of the government is to
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establish norms that affect people implicitly in how it is
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that they structure their behavior.
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So in the context of a lecture on this topic it seems
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appropriate to begin with a couple of stories.
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True stories about false stories and their effects.
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So in 1992, right around the time when many of you were
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being born, there was also born on television a young boy
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who was born to a television character named Murphy Brown.
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Now that's not in itself newsworthy.
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What is newsworthy is that Murphy Brown at
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the time was unmarried.
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Indeed she didn't have a long-term partner.
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And the then-Vice President of the United States, Dan Quayle,
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