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PROFESSOR: So we left ourselves
at the end of the
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last lecture in a somewhat
perplexing situation.
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We had thought through the
particular scenarios that Judy
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Thomson presents us with
in her trolley paper.
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And we had discovered the
following apparently
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perplexing feature about
the class's responses.
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In what's called the Classic
Bystander case--
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the case where there's a
bystander standing next to a
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trolley that's hurtling down
a track about to hit five
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people, and the bystander could
if he chose turn the
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trolley onto a track where
the trolley will
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only hit one person--
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your responses were
as follows.
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Roughly 15% of you thought he
was morally required to turn
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the trolley from the
five to the one.
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70% of you thought he was
morally permitted to do so.
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And only 15% of you thought that
it's a morally prohibited
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act for him to turn
the trolley from
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the five to the one.
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By contrast, we ended
class with Thomson's
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famous Fat Man case.
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This is a case where our
bystander is standing next to
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the trolley as before, the
trolley is hurtling down the
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track about to kill the five,
and the bystander has
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available to him a means for
stopping the trolley.
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In this case, rather than
turning it onto a different
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track, the means he has
available to him is to push a
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fat man off a bridge,
thereby stopping the
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trolley in its tracks.
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And your responses in this
case exhibited a highly
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different distribution than they
did in the first case.
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Whereas in the first case,
15% of you thought it was
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prohibited to stop the trolley
from hitting the five by
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killing the one or by causing
the trolley to kill the one,
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in the Fat Man case,
78% of you--
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4/5 of the class--
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thought that the act of turning
or of stopping the
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trolley by putting in its way
another person was morally
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Now the puzzle that this raises,
as you know from the
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end of last class, is that
it seems that in both the
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Bystander case where one--
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The puzzle is this.
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In the Bystander case, it seems
clear to most people
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that killing one person
is bad, but that
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letting five die is worse.
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Whereas in the Fat Man
case, it seems
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to be just the inverse.
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So what Thomson asks us at the
end of that paper, having run
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